I think, in trying to judge whether a lucid dream is “natural” or more like hacking the mind, it’s really important to remember that there’s a whole spectrum of lucidity–and that lucidity happens without anyone trying to become lucid. I had lucid dreams as a little kid and I certainly didn’t try to have them–they just happened.
What is lucidity exactly? Well, unconscious or automatic behavior is defined by psychologists (I’m thinking of John Bargh) as being uncontrolled, unintentional, unaware and efficient. So, by contrast, conscious behavior (read: lucid behavior) is controlled, intentional, aware and inefficient.
So, when you’re lucid in a dream, you’re intentionally controlling your attention and you’re aware that you’re doing it.
Obviously, though, there’s a whole gamut of how much control we have over our awareness in any one moment–whether we’re awake or asleep. Even in non-lucid dreams our egos still have intentions (i.e, weak lucidity). We might have the intention to drive to work, but a bunch of problems crop up: our car dies, there’s a thunderstorm, we get lost. All through that, our intentionality might strong.
We also exercise control in non-lucid dreams. We might dream of being tempted by a friend wife or husband, yet we restrain ourselves because we’re aware that it would have huge negative consequences.
So, even in non-lucid dreams, we have intentions and control over our behavior. We might even stop and specifically notice something strange and ask questions about it (a pre-lucid phase). Clearly, in dreams we have less control than normally. It’s like we’re drunk. Actually, it’s exactly like we’re drunk. When we’re under the influence of alcohol or drugs, the seats of willpower in the pre-frontal cortex are less active. The same is true of dreams.
What makes a lucid dream a lucid dream isn’t necessarily the sudden appearance of intentionality, control, some awareness of awareness, or even of rationality and a higher-functioning memory. We have all of those things to some lesser extent in a non-lucid dream. We often reason incorrectly in non-lucid dreams, but sometimes we reason correctly. We notice what we’re thinking and feeling. Sometimes we actually remember past events well, even within a dream. A lucid dream is really about (?) how much of these things we have–whether they’re operating above a certain critical threshold.
At a certain threshold of awareness, the dream ego remembers itself. I think that’s the easiest way to say it. Usually what happens, I think, is (in the case of a spontaneous DILD) an especially novel or strange or frightening stimulus jolts the ego mind into a complete search of its memory in an attempt to deal with the novelty or problem. Instantaneously, the mind knows that the situation matches nothing in its memory–or even what it knows to be possible. Or, sometimes, as in the case of a recurring nightmare, the mind realizes that the situation matches or resembles past nightmares. Conclusion: I’m dreaming.
It’s actually quite beautifully logical, and it shows that lucidity is partly a process of the rational mind. What psychologist Daniel Kaheman refers to as “System 2.” In a nutshell, the mind effectively runs through this syllogism:
If I’m experiencing something incredibly weird and unlikely, then I’m probably dreaming.
I am experiencing something really incredibly weird and unlikely.
Therefore, I’m probably dreaming.
All that happens in a flash, but if you examine your lucid dream reports, you’ll probably see that line of thinking again and again.
I don’t think lucid dreaming is, in any way, unnatural because it’s plain that our minds (usually in some automatic mode–even when we’re awake) reach impasses all the time and turn over power to the consciously reasoning parts of ourselves. Some problems can only be solved through conscious attention, through careful control and intentionality, memory searches and by using conservative mental frameworks like logic.
If lucid dreaming is “unnatural,” then participating in therapy is “unnatural,” since all you’re doing in therapy is probing your unconscious consciously.